2025年中国石油大学（华东）外语学院考研初试712基础英语考试大纲

2025年硕士研究生入学考试大纲

招生学院：外国语学院              招生专业：外国语言文学

考试科目名称：基础英语　               考试科目代码：712

考试时长：180分钟　                        满分：150分

一、考试性质、目的与要求

《基础英语》是全日制外国语言文学学术型硕士研究生入学考试的主要科目之一，旨在考查学生是否具备硕士研究生阶段学习必备的英语交际能力和水平。

《基础英语》要求考生具有扎实的英语语言基础和广博的知识面，认知词汇量达到 10000-12000个，并能熟练运用 5000-6000个单词及其常用搭配。考生应能读懂学术语境下的文章、文献、社论、书评等，能对文本的思想观点、语篇结构、语言特点、修辞手法和文体特征等有较为深入的理解，能整合作者观点或要点，能概述文本要旨，能结合阅读阐释自己观点和思想，做到语言通顺、用词恰当、表达得体、说服力强。

二、考试范围与内容概要

（一）词汇应用

要求考生结合语境，选择合适词汇填空，使句子意思完整，考查语境词汇识别和应用能力，检测语言基本技能、逻辑判断和百科知识。

（二）片语解析

要求考生根据所提供片语（如over-the-counter drugs）给出简洁英文解释，要求理解正确，表达清晰，检测学术英语表达及应用能力。

（三）辞格识别

要求考生结合语境判断修辞格，依据选项选择正确答案，检测修辞手段识别及应用能力。

（四）文献阅读与写作

要求考生结合提供的若干篇关于某主题的摘选文献，先阅读文献，整合文献观点；据此拓展写作，阐释自己的观点或评析，检测文本阅读理解、分析和整合能力，考查批判性思维能力。

（五）时文英译

要求考生把一篇长度500字左右的时政类文章翻译成英语，文章主题涉及具有中国特色的政治、经济、科技、文化等表述，检测考生用英文得体表达“中国故事”的能力，考查对外传播能力。

三、考试形式与试卷结构   

　　（一）试卷满分值及考试时间

　　本试卷满分为150分，考试时间为180分钟。

　　（二）答题方式

　　答题方式为闭卷、笔试。试卷由试题和答题纸组成；答案必须写在答题纸相应的位置上。

　　（三）试卷内容结构

　　本考试包括五个部分：词汇应用（20分）、片语解析（20分）、辞格识别（15分）、文献阅读与写作（50）、时文英译（45分）。

（四）试卷题型结构

四、主要参考书目

1. 赵冬、孙有中、王艳. 大学思辨英语教程（学术写作）. 北京: 外语教学与研究出版社，2018.（以后再版版本亦可）

2. 吴旭东. 新交际英语 (第4册). 北京: 外语教学与研究出版社，2017. （以后再版版本亦可）

3. 王新博、付晓. 科技英语阅读高级教程. 上海: 上海交通大学出版社，2016.（以后再版版本亦可）

五、样题

第一部分：词汇应用：本题为填空题（20分）

从所列单词中选择正确的词汇填空，补全意义，共20小题，每题1分，共20分。

Word in Use (20 points，1 point each)

Directions: In this section, you are going to have 20 sentences with 20 blanks. You are required to choose an appropriate word from the list to fill in each of the blanks. Change the form where necessary. Use each word only once. Remember to write your answers on the Answer Sheet.  

1. Unfortunately, most of our parents restrict themselves to the academic performance of their children, __________(oblivious) of the many other factors that play a major role in a child's development.

2. Her wide mouth is her most __________(arresting) feature. Pierced ears and colorfully dyed hair are considered cool by some teenage boys.

3. I believe in the power of the unknown. I believe that a sense of the unknown will _______ (propel) us in all of our creative activities, from science to art.

4. Scientists in the 1950s proclaimed the robot the brainwave of the future----it would free housewives of _______(drudgery) and fill factories with a tireless work force.

……

第二部分：片语解析：本题为英语解析（20分）

根据所提供的20个片语给出简洁英文解释，每题1分，共20小题，共20分。

Interpreting the Idiomatic Expressions or Phrases in English (20 points, 1 point each)

Directions: This section includes 20 idiomatic expressions or phrases. You are required to interpret the meaning in English. Remember to write your answers on the Answer Sheet.

1. first-order reality and second-order reality

2. present a true, multi-dimensional and panoramic view of China

3. put information in descending order of importance

4. broadsheet and tabloid

5. Associated Press

6. go through the motions and do not seek to understand

……

第三部分：辞格识别：本题为选择题（15分）

依据所给句子，选择正确辞格，说明句子使用的修辞手段。共10小题，每题1.5分，共15分。

Identify Rhetorical Devices (15 points，1.5 point each )

Directions: In this section, you are going to have 10 sentences with certain rhetorical device used. You are required to choose the correct answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D) and write down your answer on the Answer Sheet.

1. If you wish to succeed, you should use persistence as your good friends, experience as your reference, prudence as your brother and hope as your sentry.

 A) Antithesis     B) Parallelism      C) Paradox        D) Pun  (B)

2. I see advancing upon all this in hideous onslaught the Nazi war machine, with its clanking, heel-clicking, dandified Prussian officers, its crafty expert agents fresh from the cowing and tying down of a dozen countries.

A) Synecdoche   B) Onomatopoeia    C) Euphemism    D) Parallelism  (A)

3. It is not for me to speak of the action of the United States, but this I will say: if Hitler imagines that his attack on Soviet Russia will cause the slightest divergence of aims or slackening of effort in the great democracies who are resolved upon his doom, he is woefully mistaken.

 A) Loose sentence                  B) Parallel Structure

C) Periodical sentence               D) Rhythmical sentence     (C)

4. For the mighty army of consumers, the ultimate applications of the computer revolution are still around the bend of a silicon circuit.

 A) Parody      B) Metonymy        C) Allusion        D) Euphemism  (A)

5. The latter-day Aladdin, still snugly abed, then presses a button on a bedside box and issues a string of business and personal memos, which appear instantly on the genie screen.

 A) Pun        B) Antonomasia        C) Paradox       D) Climax   (B)

……

第四部分：文献阅读与写作：本题为学术阅读与写作（50分）

就某一话题摘录多篇不同视角的学术文献，先阅读所选文献，整合阅读主题；在此基础上，写一篇不少于300字的议论文，题目自拟，表达自己的认知、理解、看法或观点，要求条理清晰、有理有据、引用规范、表达得体。

Reading Comprehension and Synthesis Writing (50 points)

Directions: In this part, there are some pieces of academic readings about a given topic with different views or discussions. You are required to synthesize the gist of the readings and make your own comments with not less than 300 words with a given title. Remember to write your answers on the Answer Sheet.

……

第五部分：时文英译:本题为汉译英（45分）

提供一篇时政短文，长度大约500字，要求翻译成英文。个别生词会提供英语表述，不需要使用词典。

Translation from Chinese to English (45 points)

Directions: In this part, you are required to put the given short article of current affairs into English. Remember to write your answers on the Answer Sheet.

……